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In many regions of Europe and beyond fortifications belong to the most impressive of archaeological remains. Their study has a long tradition and today a multitude of aspects about architecture, function or symbolism has been explored. However, fortifications are generally examined in a temporally, regionally or culturally limited context. Going a step further, this volume aims to bring into focus concepts of fortifications, which can be socially, symbolically or functionally, but also chronologically and supra-regionally aligned. An important question is to determine which fortification elements are culture-specific, and which can be regarded as convergence or even universal phenomena. Adopting a comparative view, the central aim of the volume is to highlight the diversity and the structural similarities of ancient fortifications. The chronological framework goes from the Neolithic to the Late Iron Age, and the geographical scope from the Near East to the Iberian Peninsula.

Fortification, Prehistoric. --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Hill-forts --- Prehistoric fortification --- Archaeology

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This book is about the diverse communities associated with English and British forts of the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It casts new light on forts and their communities by asking new questions and applying innovative methodological approaches.

Fortification --- Fortification, Primitive --- Forts --- Military engineering --- Siege warfare --- History. --- Great Britain --- History, Military.

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This volume sets out the results of a detailed programme of non-intrusive geophysical survey conducted across hillforts of Dorset (UK), generating detailed subsurface maps of archaeological features, in the hope of better resolving the phasing, form and internal structure of these iconic sites.

Fortification, Prehistoric --- Geophysics in archaeology. --- Dorset (England) --- Antiquities.

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification --- Landscape archaeology --- Human settlements --- Andes Region

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Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst die archäologische und archäometrische Analyse der Bleifunde der römisch-republikanischen Militäranlage von Sanisera im Norden Menorcas. Die Anlage entstand nach 123 v. Chr. in Folge der Eroberungen der Baleareninseln und wurde spätestens im letzten Drittel des 1. Jh. v. Chr. aufgegeben. Anhand der Korrelation typologisch-archäologischer und naturwissenschaftlicher Methoden wird hier die ungewöhnlich hohe Anzahl von Bleifunden aus der Anlage innerhalb ihres Fundkontextes analysiert und auf überregionale Verbindungen zu kontemporären Fundorten im Mittelmeerraum überprüft. Darüber hinaus erfolgt - basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Fundanalyse sowie der Auswertung von Schriftquellen - die Einbindung der Anlage in den historischen Kontext der späten römischen Republik und frühen Kaiserzeit, besonders im Zusammenhang mit der Eroberung des Mittelmeerraums und der Konsolidierung der römischen Vorherrschaft dort.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Roman --- Minorca (Spain) --- Antiquities, Roman.